The Marvel Of Marvel Studios Produced One Of The Most...

Marvel Studios produced one of the most action packed adventure movie, released in 2014, known as Guardians of the Galaxy. This film was directed by James Gunn, who made a crazy space adventure vision come to life in this sci-fi motion picture. There is a new team in space made up of five eccentric characters that must come together as a team and save the day: known as the Guardians of the Galaxy. Peter Quill, wanting to be known as Star-Lord, becomes the victim of a bounty hunt after stealing a secret orb that Ronan, the villain, is after (IMDb.com, Inc., 1990-2016). If the orb lands in Ronan’s hand then the whole universe will be on its way to destruction. Trying to avoid Ronan landed Peter to working with those four peculiar characters: Rocket, Groot, Gamora, and Drax. Peter is the mortal adventurous thief, Rocket is a gun loving raccoon, Groot is a humanoid tree, Gamora is mysterious and dangerous, and Drax is a destroyer that is out for revenge (IMDb.com, Inc., 1990-2016 ). This dynamic group works together hitting a lot of bumps along the way of keeping the orb out of Ronan’s hands and learning from one another without even knowing it. The orb is so powerful and these rivals know they have to do anything to keep the orb safe in order to protect the galaxy. Throughout this adventure Peter is able to dance and sing to the seventies pop music through his sacred mix tape on his Walkman, making friends and reaching out his hand to others. The guardians of the galaxy areShow MoreRelatedThe Walt Disney Company Report15335 Words   |  62 Pagesspell bound is the fact is continuously growing at a rapid rate. Since the 2005 takeover of Pixar, The Walt Disney Company has never looked back, it has constantly and steadily growing only to takeover more renowned production powerhouses like Marvel and Lucasfilms. This expansion is not limited to film industry, Disney is spreading its wings to Shanghai, China to open its new and largest Disney Land. While it continues to quietly absorb the film giant UTV motion pictures of India. What numbersRead MoreA Short History of Nearly Everything6112 Words   |  25 PagesNearly Everything is a popular science book by American author Bill Bryson that explains some areas of science, using a style of language which aims to be more accessible to the general public than many other books dedicated to the subject. It was one of the bestselling popular science books of 2005 in the UK, selling over 300,000 copies.[1] instead describing general sciences such as chemistry, paleontology, astronomy, and particle physics. In it, he explores time from the Big Bang to the discoveryRead MoreA Short History of Nearly Everything6112 Words   |  25 PagesNearly Everything is a popular science book by American author Bill Bryson that explains some areas of science, using a style of language which aims to be more accessible to the general public than many other books dedicated to the subject. It was one of the bestselling popular science books of 2005 in the UK, selling over 300,000 copies.[1] instead describing general sciences such as chemistry, paleontology, astronomy, and particle physics. In it, he explores time from the Big Bang to the discoveryRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pageswell-known successes. While mistakes provide valuable learning insights, we can also learn from successes and find nuggets by comparing the unsuccessful with the successful. With the addition of Google and Starbucks, we have moved Entrepreneurial Adventures up to the front of the book. We have continued Marketing Wars, which many of you recommended, and reinstated Comebacks of firms iii iv †¢ Preface rising from adversity. I have also brought back Ethical Mistakes, because I believe that organizations

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1026 Words

In the spring of 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne published what could be considered the astounding literary works of the Romantic Period of literature. The Scarlet Letter was set in 17th century Boston where most of the population was of firm Puritan faith. Hawthorne used great symbolism in his novel to convey a message of guilt, sin, and judgment. The symbols used most profoundly by Hawthorne are the various settings of the book, Hester’s daughter, Pearl, and lastly, the ever important scarlet letter endowed upon the adulterers, Hester and Reverend Dimmesdale. It is no secret that Puritans had an allegorical outlook on everything in life and The Scarlet Letter is, without a doubt, full of allegory and symbolism. Hawthorne proved that even the setting could be symbolical in his novel. There is a fine line between the marketplace and scaffold in Puritan era Boston and the heavy forest that surround it. In the middle of the marketplace, perhaps the most important structure in the whol e town is centered: the scaffold. It is said that â€Å"ignominy was embodied and made manifest in this contrivance of wood and iron. (pg. 39)† The scaffold represents not only the harshness of Puritan decree, but it symbolizes the belief that sin should be out in the open and sinners should endure public shaming. The marketplace is closely associated with the scaffold, where â€Å"... iniquity is dragged out into the sunshine, (pg. 38)† and again shows how Puritans believe that sin taints the world and sinnersShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

A Geographical Study of Sydney Free Essays

Population growth in Sydney is mostly due to natural increase (more births than deaths). The rest of Sydney’s growth comes from immigration. Sydney has a population of 4. We will write a custom essay sample on A Geographical Study of Sydney or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 million people and is expected to grow by 40,000 people a year for the next 25-30 years. People Housing In Sydney, the average household is becoming smaller. This means more dwellings are needed to house the same number of people. This is becoming a problem and in the future, we will need around 23,500 new homes every year. These dwellings will be flats, units and villas. Age Profile The population in Sydney is aging as people are living longer. The number of people aged over 65 will double in the next 25 years. p.11 I believe that these issues are good reflections of the problems in Sydney. From my experience, urban growth – high demand for growth, housing – a lack of space and smaller dwellings, ageing communities – a lack of facilities that care for the elderly, the protection of Sydney’s natural environments – little park areas in the city, a lack of infrastructure, poor transport systems, and the time needed to travel outer Sydney are all issues that I have noticed. TASK 4 The Government expresses a desire to be sustainable. Is this a realistic goal given the extent of the key issues facing Sydney? What do you think we should do? The government expresses a desire to be sustainable, but is this a realistic goal? I believe so, however, a lot of changes have to be made to achieve this ambition of sustainability. Before it can be fully decided whether this statement is realistic and whether anything can be done about it there has to be an analysis of the problems. Sydney’s natural environment makes it a beautiful and outgoing place to live. However, it won’t stay like this forever. Cars are still a major contributor to poor metropolitan air quality. The city is facing many challenges in sustainably managing its natural and cultural resources to ensure they meet the needs of current and future residents of the region. It is getting harder and harder for Sydney to fund infrastructure which must be taken into consideration. The population is increasing due to higher birth rates and net migration, this increasing population means households are becoming smaller. Sydney also needs to provide quality jobs as it is a global city that attracts international investments and careers. We need to manage our use of natural resources more wisely. As a big city we consume large amounts of resources and dispose of large amounts of waste to landfill. The costs of building and maintaining infrastructure to supply water and energy to meet increasing consumption and population growth are extremely high. Apart from these major sustainability problems of natural resources, employment, transport, housing, urban growth, infrastructure and natural environment, there are other issues relating to lack of public space, ethnicity, crime, affordability, demographics and much, much more. As a team working community, Sydney may be able to change the forecasts and find sustainable ways with which to manage its issues. It needs to value the land that surrounds it so that trade-offs are clear. It could create balance between roads and public transport provision and use. It could build more facilities for walking and cycling. It needs to make the most of public transport, energy, water and waste facilities, school and hospitals before new infrastructure is built. Well located land for industry, supported by transport and communications infrastructure, is also needed. A special challenge is to increase the number of quality jobs in western Sydney. New land development on Sydney’s fringe will need to more elf-sustaining by providing services locally including a good range of jobs, as well as access to transport, parks and community services, including schools and hospitals. If we link with the regions close by and try these sustainability problems there is a good chance that Sydney could become sustainable in the future. If we look after our environment, support a competitive economy and create better places to live and work Sydney can reach sustainability. It is about improving the quality of life without leaving a burden on future generations. How to cite A Geographical Study of Sydney, Papers

Assessment and Reporting Classroom Environment

Question: Discuss about theAssessment and Reportingfor Classroom Environment. Answer: Introduction Classroom assessment is one of the most crucial components in teaching practices. According to the opinion of Brunner et al. (2007), classroom management creates a set of expectations which can be useful in a classroom environment. In order to provide an ideal classroom environment and more disciplines and rules, classroom assessment acts as an integral factor. The current study covers the tree types of testing approaches and the advantages and disadvantages of NAPLAN testing approach. Adding to this, the PISA approach discusses the international standard of classroom test that enables Australia to evaluate and scrutinise the performance of the other countries. In order to increase the students participation and confidence towards the learning process, classroom activities have a significant function. It has been observed that classroom activities can improve the learning experience of the students. In the opinion of Creagh (2013), the classroom activities can also enhance the socialisation skill by interacting with the different individuals. However, the classroom-based assessment is more costly to invest. The students become lazy for the annual evaluation due to the classroom based test program. As per the view of Hatzinikita et al. (2008), this process also influences the students to do cheat in the examination. The benefits of the system-wide testing in Australia help to identify the strengths and weakness of the students. The educational aspect of the system-wide testing becomes helpful to improve the learning process. NAPLAN (National Assessment Program- Literacy and Numeracy) is the Australian version of students classroom based test ing has been introduced in 2008 for the students of 3 to 9 years. Considering the words of Thompson Cook (2015), NAPLAN test is one of the broad aspects to determine the literacy and numeracy skill of the students. The outcome of the national test intends to provide valuable information for measuring the quality control of the students. The result of the test indicates that the students need to develop the literacy and numeracy skills more (Creagh, 2013). This test contains the content which is undertaken in regular classroom session as the process of learning and assessment. Moreover, a testing approach is beneficial for the students to keep a focus on the topic. This is one of the most reliable processes as fair evaluation has been done through the test. According to the opinion of Hatzinikita et al. (2008), the classroom based test approach is also significant to improve the teaching practices as it works for childhood development plan. Adding to this, as NAPLAN endeavours to provide data to the government for analysing the school performance. Thus, the teaching practices within the school become more efficient (www.nap.edu.au, 2016). Furthermore, the national testing assists to increase the students movement towards the school. The parents and the student get immediate identification of the level of a learning process. As the international process is driving the Australian education system, thus, incorporation of PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) testing approach is essential for standardising the test method. It has been identified that PISA result monitors the progress of educational goal of the young Australian pupil . In this current context Agarwal et al. (2014) added that this test approach aims to provide equality and high-quality schooling opportunities to the young people of Australia. Thus, the students become successful learners by acquiring adequate knowledge, skills, values and understanding for the dynamic life. Furthermore, PISA focuses on testing the students to increase the competitive performance with the students of the other countries (www.acer.edu.au, 2016). Therefore, the significance of the test policy by National Assessment Program has been justified. Also, the trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) provide consistent and appropriate data on the mathematics and science, so that the students can analyse the competency level for the international standard (Thompson Cook, 2015). TIMSS is a large-scale assessment programme for the students to inform the educational policy and practices by providing an international perspective on teaching and learning practices (www.acer.edu.au, 2016). Moreover, an inference can be drawn that the initiatives of classroom based test approach can be ideal to improve the students positivity towards the classroom and the learning process. The primary assertion of the study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of the national testing practices in the education sector of Australia. This process helps to increase the knowledge and skills of the students. It can be found that effective classroom-based test can create a set of expectations in the classroom environment. This is also significant to increase the teacher and student engagement within the classroom. Hence, it can be inferred that implementation of national test programme can be effective to increase both the students capability, aptitude and the learning proficiencies of the teaching practitioners. References: ACER. (2016). Programme for international student assessment (PISA) Australia. Retrieved September 29, 2016, from https://www.acer.edu.au/ozpisa/pisa-australia ACER. (2016a). Trends in international mathematics and science study (TIMSS). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from https://www.acer.edu.au/timss Agarwal, P. K., DAntonio, L., Roediger, H. L., McDermott, K. B., McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Classroom-based programs of retrieval practice reduce middle school and high school students test anxiety.Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition,3(3), 131139. Brunner, M., Artelt, C., Krauss, S., Baumert, J. (2007). Coaching for the PISA test. Learning and Instruction, 17(2), 111122. Copyright. (2016). NAPLAN. Retrieved September 29, 2016, from https://www.nap.edu.au/naplan Creagh, S. (2013). A critical analysis of problems with the LBOTE category on the NAPLaN test. The Australian Educational Researcher, 41(1), 123. Hatzinikita, V., Dimopoulos, K., Christidou, V. (2008). PISA test items and school textbooks related to science: A textual comparison. Science Education, 92(4), 664687. Thompson, G., Cook, I. (2015). Producing the NAPLAN machine: A Schizoanalytic Cartography. Deleuze Studies, 9(3), 410423.

6 Directions for Visual Display of Content

6 Directions for Visual Display of Content 6 Directions for Visual Display of Content 6 Directions for Visual Display of Content By Mark Nichol Whether you self-publish online or in print, or submit to publications in various media, consider not just the cognitive impact of the content but also the visual presentation. 1. Sentences Concise sentences are effective. They convey much information in few words. But a succession of several such sentences is wearying. A string of short sentences is like stop-and-go traffic. Elegance and eloquence in language usage is a key consideration in composition, but so is the flow of language. Be aware of how sentences roll along. You’re likely to find that you are most pleased to read something demonstrating a variety of sentence lengths. 2. Paragraphs Paragraph length is also a consideration. The traditional rule of essay writing is to present a topic statement followed by three supporting sentences and a conclusion. The model essay, according to a similar rule, is formatted in the same way: a topic paragraph, three paragraphs that illustrate the point, and a summarizing paragraph. No composition need be composed so rigidly, and the publication medium must also be taken into consideration. A single-column book format is more forgiving of long paragraphs, but a two-column book layout or a magazine’s page design merits more frequent breaks. Scan-friendly paragraphs, meanwhile, are more suitable for newspapers and for online writing. (Nothing is more off-putting on the Web than a full-width slab of unbroken writing, unless it’s a full-width slab of unbroken writing in red type on a black background.) The argument-support-conclusion is a valid ideal, but consider also the visual esthetics of a paragraph. 3. Subheadings What else can you do to give readers a break? Insert one or more levels of subheadings an especially useful strategy for procedural content like a construction or assembly guide (in which case the subheadings should also be numbered to help the reader follow the sequence). Publications generally vary the style for various levels, as well, so if you’re self-publishing, whether in print, or online, consider capitalizing top-level heads, initial-capping those at the next level, and using italics for the third level, for example. 4. Lists Introduce vertical lists numbered, unnumbered, or bulleted, as appropriate in applicable contexts. Again, this approach is especially useful for instructions or materials lists, but it can also be applied when you introduce concepts you will discuss in more detail later or to enumerate other points. 5. Dialogue When you write dialogue, set each person’s speech off in a new paragraph. Make exceptions for such instances as rapid-fire exclamations in a crowd scene or a quick back-and-forth between new characters, but generally follow this convention for fiction and nonfiction alike; doing so also obviates the need for continual attribution (â€Å"he said,† â€Å"she added,† and so on). 6. Graphics When you self-publish, you can also employ graphic elements photographs or illustrations, or visual information like charts, graphs, figures, and the like to help break up the written content. Another solution is what’s called a pull quote a memorable or trenchant statement from the narrative or a speaker’s quotation. (If the latter, place in quotation marks and identify the source of the comment.) Graphics and pull quotes can take up a full column width or can cut in to one partially, depending on the column width, the point size of the type, and the size and nature of the element, or type can be wrapped around a large visual element. Also, consider inserting a thin rule (line) or a signature object (a flower for an essay about gardening, or an illustration of a hammer for directions about how to build a deck), but don’t crowd such elements too closely with subheadings or other devices suggested above. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"Quiet or Quite?

Anne Frank

Anne Frank Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Anne Frank: The Diary of A Young Girl†, is a diary written by a Jew girl named Anne. During World War II, the Jews were being chased by the German armies, so the Frank family went to live for 3 years to a secret place. During her time in the â€Å"Secret Annex†, Anne went through different maturity stages. But all these changes happened because of the social issues, physical settings, and the political views that Anne had. The most interesting thing is that Anne realized how she grew, internally and externally. The maturity stage that Ann reached at the end, helped her deal with all the final conflicts, before they were caught. Through the 3 years, the social issues were a problem that Anne faced. The constant fights with Mrs. Van Daan were a big influence based on Anne’s maturity. Anne was really upset when Mrs. Van Daan criticized her with the food, although she controlled herself, and she realized it. Also Anne had her constant fights with her mom because they have different personalities, although sometimes Anne tried to do the best so that they would not fight, but when Anne was really upset, with her harsh words, she could make her mummy cry. A great influence on Anne’s feelings was the romance that happened between Peter and her. Before going to the â€Å"Secret Annex†, Anne had the attention of all the boys, but Harry was the one that caught her attention. Harry used to take Anne to the school every day, but when the war started Anne never say Harry again. Because she was used to having all the boys’ attention, she wondered why Peter did not liked her. After some time liv ing in the Annex, Anne started falling for Peter. And it was a good thing, because she was not depressed anymore because her life had an â€Å"object† now. Although all her social issues were complicated, some of them had a positive effect on her life. Certainly, the physical settings were a factor that made Anne’s mood depend on that. The â€Å"Secret Annex† certainly did so. There were some days that were really hot. Anne was a little altered with that situation. Because of this temperature, the butter was melting and it was so hot that Anne could not wash the dishes because her legs hurt too much. But sometimes Anne felt lucky to be on the Annex; when she thought of what was happening on the outside world, she felt like if it was a paradise compared to the outside. The outside world made Anne feel anxious and nervous because she did not know what was happening. The burglars altered not only Anne but the whole family. There was a burglar in whom the people stole the food coupons and some money. The constant movements made suspicious the warehouse man, although they went over this problem easily. All these troubles made Anne more mature by making her go through problems where she could overcome. The major impact that influenced Anne’s maturity was the Political views. The Franks and the Van Daans heard the radio every day. But what affected the most to Anne was that the war was not stable, it changed throughout the course of each day; there were invasions one day and the other one Italy was winning, and the next day Germany was winning territories. The Jews taken away made Anne really worried. She spends tons of time thinking about if her friends were alright, but she thought of Lies the most. Anne wondered if Lies was alive, if she was in a concentration camp, or if she was dead. One of the most important news was the D- Day. It made the Franks’ hopes be a little higher because the invasion has begun, and it would certainly help the Jews. But there were fake hopes because of the news. Because of the D- Day Anne thought that they might be able to survive, but they did not make it through the war. Anne’s difficulties across this process made her maturity levels raise. This novel shows us that Anne overcame some these problems and had a good experience in some of them. The maturity level that she reached made her be prepared so that she could know how to pass this stage of sorrow and pity. And with the help of Pim she was able to figure out that she was changing from being a girl to a woman. The question left is: If she had not been on the â€Å"Secret Annex† would she be able to overcome all these difficulties that happened after and during her life in the â€Å"Secret Annex†? Research Papers on Anne FrankThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Financial Re-Engineering with Respect to Funding of New Projects of Al Essay

Financial Re-Engineering with Respect to Funding of New Projects of Al Masaken - Essay Example Being a subsidiary and a group company of Aerated Concrete Industries Company K S C C (ACICO), Al Masaken Real Estate Company has created for itself a remarkable position in the booming real estate sector in the Gulf region.The company has so far executed various prestigious construction projects worth close to $ 300 million with a construction area extending up to 291,143 Square meters. Backed up by a good design and engineering team the company has crossed over the initial struggles and has reached the position to take up construction projects of high rise buildings on its own financial strength. As a strategic financial initiative, it was suggested that Al Masaken is promoted as an independent business entity and raise the additional funds required for its proposed high rise construction projects following the IPO route supported by the group image of ACICO. This case study details the circumstances which led to such a decision of providing the individual status to Al Masaken and the various other factors which contributed to the proposal.Specialized in Housing/Villa projects, Al Masaken was established in 1998 as a part of ACICO group with a 25% ownership from ACICO. Having sailed through the initial hiccups the company specialized in the new wave construction of vertical housing by the year 2003. Being one of the subsidiaries of the ACICO, the financial strategy was to obtain short-term loans to finance the purchase of the real estate properties and for the process of construction activity and repay the loan within a maximum period of one and a half years. Financing Strategy at the Holding company: ACICO adopted a financial policy of long-term borrowing for its other manufacturing activities and short-term borrowing for the construction activity.

History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

History - Research Paper Example Each of the super power aimed at gaining maximum output and dividends from the war. United States of America for the first time aimed at keeping its influence alive in European continent unlike First World War where the Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were written off by Congress and as a result United States of America had to persist with its policy of Isolation. The Soviet Republic on other side aimed at gaining maximum influence and claimed spoils on account of the damages incurred. Soviet Socialist State alone had suffered the maximum number of casualties both in terms of the civilian losses and the military damages incurred. Secondly on both the occasions( First World War and Second World War), U.S.S.R was being attacked by Germany and other Central powers and U.S.S.R this time aimed at ensuring that her borders are protected well enough and for that reason it wanted an influence in the regional countries. Major elements that decided and dictated the terms and conditions of Cold war were the war repatriations, economic gains, territorial benefits, and enacting political systems that would be friendly towards the respective foreign policies. Yalta Conference: The event of Yalta conference has been termed as the formal initiation of the Cold war between the two super powers. The conference and proceedings of the meeting were marked by distrust for one another and lack of common agenda amongst the two. United States wanted to maintain its influence and U.S.S.R demanded more influence in the region on account of its contributions, domination and sacrifices. The main leads of Yalta were F.D Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill. The two being super power demanded more influence and say while Great Britain on account of its historic influence and being the front runner amongst the Allies in both the World Wars made up for an integral part of the entire proceedings. These three were dubbed as the Big Three from those times who majorly decided the rulings of the post war settlements. Element of Poland: Poland served as country with high interest for both the super powers. In past it had been used as a corridor and in both the world wars Russia was attacked by Germany from the route de Poland. Stalin would not settle for anything other than establishing a pro Soviet Government in Poland. U.S.A had other intentions. The decision was to be made between the Lublin Poles and the London Poles. America wanted a democratically elected government in place, and Stalin promised free and fair elections at first, however the terms were tempered and Stalin and his intelligence agencies played an influential role towards ensuring a pro Soviet government enactment in Poland, and as a result of this Lublin Poles were brought into power much to the pleasure of Soviet Republic. The course of Cold War: Formally initiated by the Yalta Conference and alleged tempering of the terms of the agreements by Stalin the proceedings to place in form of di vision of Europe into two distinct Blocs. The Eastern Europe and Western Europe. Both falling to Soviet Republic and United States of America respectively. The Eastern Europe comprised of East Germany, Poland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungry and various other states respectively. The Western Europe constituted West Germany, Turkey, and Greece individually. Each of

Research Methods ONLINE DISCUSSION BOARD ASSIGNMENT Essay

Research Methods ONLINE DISCUSSION BOARD ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example I do not feel that society today would accept unethical conduct as compared to what the Roman Empire might have found acceptable since our standards of ethics have developed considerably with time. However, it does seem more likely that we have found better means of hiding our ethical flaws as compared to the ancient Romans. I would feel very negatively about it since it would be nothing less than ratting on a friend or a colleague which is considered to be against the norms of society. However, the extent of the misconduct and the duties placed on me by the guidelines of the organization would certainly cause me to follow them to the letter in terms of reporting such misconduct to the proper authorities. The proper authorities in all of the cases mentioned in the question remain immediate supervisors or supervisory bodies that judge the working and conduct of senior members of the institute. It would be difficult to precisely categorize people in the study since it is unknown how much beer would be given to them and the individual physiology of the participants might react differently to the same dose. Additionally, the things that they consume before the experiment would also impact their impairment due to alcohol and it would become difficult to measure what affect the alcohol in the beer had on their driving abilities. Random selection in this case would be inappropriate since the people in the experiment would be consuming beer which may create cultural or personal issues for the participants. As chief researcher, I would advice the company president to change the parameters of the experiment or to conduct the experiment with will adults who know what they are being offered and can understand the impact the beer could have on them. The position comes with a move to a completely different culture therefore; the first

Democratic deficit in IMF

Democratic deficit in IMF Democratic deficit in IMF Introduction International Monetary Fund(IMF) is one of the two organisations formed after the Bretton woods conference in 1944. the other one is the World Bank. It has to be noted in the earliest that though this article deals with IMF and how the democratic deficit in it affects the poorest of the countries in the world, the IMF works in tandem with the world bank and other international financial institutions. The founding principle of IMF is rooted deep in the Great Depression of 1930s. During the depression the industrialised countries of the world plummeted themselves by engaging in raising trade barriers, devalued their currencies for competing in the export market and even restricted their citizens from holding any foreign exchange all of these measures resulted in further loss of trade and employment making millions jobless and poor. One of the major reasons for establishing an institution like IMF was to oversee exchange rate stability and international payments ensuring smooth functioning of the complex international monetary system. IMF along with World Bank(WB)was formed in 1945 in the wake of the pressing need for the post war reconstruction and assuring monetary stability in the world economy especially European economy. Though it officially came into existence in December 27, when 29 countries ratified its charter or Articles of Agreement in 1945, it started its operations onl y on March 1, 1947. During the cold war years the membership in IMF was limited due to the pressure of Soviet Union on newly independent countries. End of the fixed standard As pointed earlier the IMF oversaw the fixed exchange rate system where every currency is pegged at US dollars which can be converted in to Gold. The increasing spending on the war in Vietnam adding to the increasing expenditure on Great Society Programs initiated by US President Lyndon Johnson worsened the already overvalued US dollar. This system was started to be abandoned slowly between 1968 and 1973. The major point came when US President Nixon announced the de-linking of US dollar from gold. But the transition to free floating exchange rate system, where every member of IMF was free to peg its currency against any currency or group of currencies, was smoothly done. The period also posited another challenge in the form of unprecedented rise of oil prices, culminating in what is called Oil shocks. It responded to the situation by setting up two oil facilities to help oil importers deal with current account deficit and inflation( Nayyar: 2006). The IMFs engagement with the poor countries starts from the mid 70s when it stated funding these countries through its Trust Fund. The IMF with the end of the cold war and influenced by The jettisoning of the Keynesian demand management policies after their initial success and success of the liberalisation policies initiated by the Richard Nixon in US and Margaret Thatcher in UK along with the collapse of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc bolstered a new era symbolically represented by IMF and World Bank called Neo-Liberalism where both IMF and WB was used to force the erstwhile socialist and mixed economic countries to open their markets to foreign investors and liberalise their financial system, the effects of which were highly destabilizing. While the East Asian economies initially showed high growth rates the same programs resulted in devastations across Sub Saharan Africa. The vehemently critiqued Structural Adjustment Facility which was later changed into Enhanced Structural Ad justment Facility was initiated in March 1986. The Financial Functions of IMF Any understanding of the functioning of IMF should also differentiate between IMF and World Bank. The IMF, unlike Bank is not primarily a lending institution like World Bank. The WB also is a complex organisation. It is actually two organisation International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD) and International Development Association(IDA).WB is an investment bank. The World Bank functions by issuing bonds the repayment of which is guaranteed by its member countries. That is WB lends money to development works through market borrowing. The IDA, on the other hand is a concessional loan associate which is mainly financed by donor nations. The IMF in contrast intermediate between investors and recipients. It demands membership fee from its members which is accrued in to a general pool. Each member contributes to this pool according to its economic size and strength, providing each member a respective quota which also translate into their voting share in a skewed manner. Its o perations are to a major part are financed through this common pool. What does IMF exactly do? The IMFs role is highlighted when any member nation falls into a balance of payment debacle. a country must have both its exports and imports at almost equal levels. After the floating exchange rate system was adopted, every nation is left free to peg its currency against any or any group of currencies. But it also develops a problem over a period of time. The value of the currency tend to get overvalued. Thus a currency might be pegged at four units to one dollar. After a period of time due to trade fluctuations, the currencys actual value might have reached six units to one dollar. What effects does this over valuation have? At this time the currencys higher value helps in reducing import expenditure whereas at the same time the currencys higher value makes it costlier and reduces export revenue. Thus economy receives less income but spends more. This plummets the economy into a balance of payment crisis. This is where IMF enters into the scene. The IMF be ing the only international organisation with the support of the dominant economies and with expertise advises and directs nations to escape from such balance of payment crisis. IMF provides short term and medium term loans to tide over the debacle for the time being. But IMF also has influence over the decision making in World Bank and other financial institutions. The loans are not without fetters however. The loans are accompanied by a series of conditions generally termed as conditionalities . Thus the major functions of the IMF can be broadly classified as follows: 1) to promote exchange rate stability to maintain international trade stability 2) by providing short term and medium term financial assistance to members facing shortage of foreign currency. 3) It also plays an advisory role on macro-economic policy issues so that the economic policies of member countries do not adversely affect the balance of payment situation. 4) it also assist member nations in expanding their markets where they can exchange currencies without restriction. ( Sharma, 2002: 90). Democratic deficit What is meant by democracy in the case of international organizations like IMF? It is well known that the IMF was originally not conceived to be an organisation to help the third world countries or less developed erstwhile colonies. Its chief aim, along with World Bank was to ensure reconstruction of the capitalist economies in the war ravaged European nations. The agenda of lending and interfering in developing countries was initiated in the course of the cold war attempting to lure newly independent countries away from the socialist bloc dominated by Soviet Union. No surprise that still the organisation of the chief decision making bodies inside the Bretton woods institution reflect the political equations existing at the time of the second world war completely tuned to the interest of the Developed countries. When IMF and Bank was formed, except for United States, members were expected to be both contributors and borrowers. The decisions in the Executive board is reached through voting, if not reached by consensus. Each country holds a share of vote with regard to their contribution to the world economy. The united states the with the largest voting power holds 17.09 % of shares. Almost 63% of shares is held by just 12 member countries including US out of 186 members of the IMF. The same condition prevails in the world bank also. The 24-country African group in contrast carries only 1.42% of total voting share power making their influence practically nil in the agenda setting and decision making processes and policies. This problem arises because, there are only 8 member countries enjoying their own seat on the board. The remaining 16 are divided between the remaining 179 countries. This skewed system renders other member countries to group together to augment their collective bargaining or voting share represented by an Executive Director. This reflects in the policies of the IMF and its results. Howe ver, the democratic deficit is not the cause of the problems associated with the IMF. Rather, the very democratic structure of both the IMF and Bank are themselves symptoms of a much structural problem, the present world order based on the capitalist model of production and its prevailing ideology ‘neo-liberalism. Unequal representation Constituencies The groupings of the member countries have created what has come to be called ‘Constituency system.. all the members other than eight of them who have their own seats group together to form constituencies to elect a Director for their constituency to represent them. These constituencies are not static groupings. The size of the constituencies i.e. the memberships both qualitatively and quantitatively change depending on various factors, especially economic factors. This happens because every country except for some are on the lookout to increase their leverage vis-a vis other constituencies and within their constituency to apportion a bigger share out of the collective bargaining. But, in some cases, member countries also shift constituencies due to ideological considerations. For example, Indonesia joined the constituency headed by Italy in 1950s and later moved to a constituency of Islamic countries of North Africa and Malaysia. Later, Indonesia formed a constituency on geogr aphical basis, consisting of Korea, Philippines and Vietnam. One of the major reasons why members change constituencies has been to hold a more influential or senior position within the constituency. For example, earlier, Spain was within the constituency headed by Italy along with Poland and Greece. Later in 1978, Spain joined a central American constituency including Mexico and Venezuela assuming the post of Executive Director (Wood, 2006:483). The representation as shown above is based on the economic might of the members. The 24 member African constituency headed by Equatorial Guinea and the 19 member African constituency headed by Nigeria ahold only 1.42% and 3.01% respectively. But paradoxically these are the countries which are directly and severely affected by the policies of the IMF and World Bank. It has to be reminded that it is the masses , peasants, working classes of these countries who toil hard to repay their countrys debits. But they have almost no say on whatever the decisions that impinge and affect on their lives. It is a process of taxation without representation. But the IMF and Bank were not planned to be as undemocratic as they are now in their origin. The Bretton Woods Institutions also provide 250 basic votes to every member of the organisation. This was actually introduced to ensure a minimum sense of equal representation and fair play among members. The basic vote system atleast ensured a minimum of equal stake along with the share on the basis of contribution. The quota votes are added to basic votes to form the total vote. But the basic votes which formed 14% of the total votes in 1955 has now come down to around 3 percent in both IMF and World Bank. Selection of the head The selection of the head of the IMf is the most glaring evidence of unequal representation and hegemony of the dominant western industrialized nations. The IMFs executive board is responsible for selecting the Managing Director. Any Executive Director may submit a nomination for the position. If more than one gets nominated, the executive board reaches a decision by consensus. But by precedence, usually only a European becomes the Managing director of IMF. And in the case of World Bank only an American becomes the head. Accountability The executive board do not adequately hold staff and management to account. There are no official mechanisms for holding elected Directors, members after being elected. The Dutch executive Director however, has introduced a template to ground evaluation of his staff which is slowly gathering favour and being implemented by other Directors. But still there are no rules and regulations except for a vague and broad mention in sec 14 d of the By-Laws. It states â€Å" It shall be the duty of an executive Director and his alternate to devote all the time and attention to the business of the Fund that its interests require and between them, to be continually available at the principle offices of the Fund.† According to IMF Articles of Agreement the Managing Director â€Å"The Managing Director shall be chief of the operating staff of the Fund and shall conduct, under the direction of the Executive Board, the ordinary business of the Fund. Subject to the general control of the Executive Board, he shall be responsible for the organization, appointment, and dismissal of the staff of the Fund† (article xii, 4,b). Regarding the accountability of the Directors, a code of conduct was established only in 2000 applicable to Executive Directors, their alternates and senior Advisors. It has established some standards of ethical conduct regarding conflict of interests arising from the functioning as Executive Director and also supposed to treat confidential information. It also mandates disclosure of regular financial reports. For the purpose of confirming to confidentiality and other ethical issues, an Ethics committee of five Executive Directors was formed. But far most, the committee ca n only warn the relevant Executive Director communicate it to the respective Governor. It has to be kept in mind that ultimately the internal accountability comes down to moral persuasions. Accountability of Executive Directors, in relation to the countries they represent, however, work in different terms. The countries with their own representatives can hold their directors directly accountable. He can be dismissed and replaced at will. But a representative Director who was elected cannot be dismissed or replaced by any of the members until his term ends. A member can be induced to resign but no Articles provide the members the right to require resignation from him. The problem with this set up is obvious. There is no mandated obligation for him to follow the orders or directions of the member countries. The director can even vote against the interests of the very member, he/she represent. Reading this with the sec 14 d of the article provides a much more clear picture. Where the Director is not mandatorily obligated to follow the directions of the countries represented by him, he is obligated to work in tandem with other members. This creates enormous opportunities f or developed nations to simply buy-out the representatives of developing and under-developed countries. This problem emanates from the fact also that constituencies are not mandatorily legitimate units of representation. Regarding the accountability of the staffs and management towards executive board, three reasons are cited. First, it is difficult for members of the Executive Board to prepare papers and positions on all countries. Many Executive Directors remain in the job only for a short time. In the cases of constituencies, as there are rotations of the seat of Director, the time for the Director is too short to acquire real idea of the organizational set up. Second, the tendency to present a picture of unified view in Board discussions, the staff and management fail to play a proactive role by seriously debating over their disagreement. Third, the most important problem is that many discussion are taken by Executive Boards before the board meetings. This is especially the sign of influence of the dominant countries in the decision making processes of the IMF. Issues like loans to countries that are against the US approval or interest will not at all be presented before the board. IMF also lacks accountability to its member nations. IMF by its, functioning is accountable only to the Finance ministers and central bank Governors. But the role of IMf has expanded to such areas that the accountability needs to be widened. The IMFs prescriptions are now not only restricted to only matters concerning finance ministries and central bank governors. Expanding activities: IMF was not instituted by its founders to carry out the range of activities it is currently carrying out. The IMF was instituted on the basis of the Keynesian demand management. It was understood that there should be an international organisation to overlook the monetary activities of the countries to keep the exchange rates relatively stable and insulated from shocks. But the area of interest expanded with decreasing clout of the Soviet bloc. More nations switched over to capitalist model and IMF and world Bank were rested with the duty to open the various . These functions got impetus with the neo-liberal policies initiated by Reagan and Thatcher in the United States and Britain. A major transformation came with the demise of the Soviet bloc after which the marketisation of these economies become the main objective of the Bretton Woods institutions. With these they have almost became the primary instruments of globalisation of world economy. The BWIs have come to be the only large lenders and monetary policy institutions. More and more countries are forced to approach these organizations in the absence of an alternative. In a sample of 25 countries, there were only between six and ten measures of performance criteria for loans on conditionality whereas it increased to 25 measures at the end of 1990s.But the accountability and transparency of the IMF has not increased with these new functions. The role of US and other developing countries The role of US especially the Treasury in the functioning of the Bretton Woods institution has been a matter of concern and critique for the democratization of the global financial institutions. Also the US along with other developed countries called G7 form a formidable group controlling almost 47.13% of the total voting power. These countries act as a de facto management of IMF. Also unlike the developing countries they have well equipped staffs . They co-ordinate between each other. This is ensured by their shared interests, being the major creditors. The ministers, central bank governors convene a meeting on issues and agendas before the annual and spring meetings and issue press communiquà © together. The Executive Directors also co-ordinate with each other on common positions. The IMF has acted more as an arm of the western especially US financial interests. The liberalization policy was forced on Kenya by the US Treasury through the IMF. The experience of Kenya when it implem ented financial liberalization was devastating. The result was fourteen bank failures in 1993 and 1994. Also the US holds the only veto power in the IMF with its 17% voting share. Also in 2000 the US congress was unilaterally able to propose and pass a resolution and later implement a measure of change and reform in IMF without consulting any other member. The US through its executive Board members, staffs and location of the organization and as the BWIs court US favour for their operation exercise a hegemonic influence over both IMF and Bank ( Stiglitz, 2002). Needed Reforms Most of the problems regarding IMF arise because of the dissonance created between IMFs supposed functions and the current functions it is carrying out. The IMF, to use Nobel laureate and earlier chief economist in World Bank, Joseph Stiglitz ‘the IMF never likes to discuss the uncertainties associated with the policies that it recommends, but rather, likes to project an image of being infallible†(Stiglitz, 2002: 230). The IMF, time and again has been only admitting mistakes as in the handling East Asia crisis. The IMF have also been slow in learning from its mistakes. But the mistakes are not simply mistakes by indifferent individuals. They are also evidence to the level of influence of free market ideology professed by the international financial community and the US Treasury. The reforms must also focus on the operational costs being forced on to the developing countries, the principle borrowers. The operational costs of IMF is financed by the subscriptions every member country makes and also from the interests to the loans debtor countries pay back. By this logic, it is the developing countries which are financing most of the IMF expenses. From the breakdown of the expenses of the IMF, it has been founded that the contribution of the developed countries who are the creditors have come down to 29% in 2000 from 71% in 1980. this means that three fourths of the administrative expenses of the IMF is financed by the same countries are dependent on the loans provided by the IMF. Also the fund allocated for the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes(ROSCs) and the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). Nearly 89 countries and 95 countries have participated in these schemes, respectively. But the majority of the countries who have had the assessme nts are developed countries. Developing countries and Sub Saharan African countries were hardly assessed about their financial and monetary status. Thus a good amount of money is spent on countries that are in good health rather than on those who need help and re-structuring (Woods, 2006:498). The IMF should restrict itself to the mandated functions it was allocated to it when it was formed i.e to only monitoring and advising on the exchange rate stability. The lending business should be handed over entirely to the world bank. Also the basic votes to the member countries should be brought back to the level at earlier years of IMF and should be slowly increased to enable a far more democratic practice than what is practiced now. Developing countries like India, China, Brazil, South Africa should be provided more voting share as their global contribution has also increased in recent years. Especially the case for increase of voting share of China is a long standing issue came to spotlight during the recent financial crisis when China has bargained for an increase in its voting share. More seats of Executive Directors should be formed to accommodate varied under-represented countries(Ambrose, 2007). Also agencies f horizontal accountability have to be built like independent evaluation unit. Like the supreme court acts as horizontal agency working as a component of constitutionalism one of the benchmarks of democracy in modern era, offices endowed with overseeing accountability and transparency have to be established. Conclusion The IMF and World bank, especially IMF have veered away from their mandated area of functioning. The need for an international monetary agency always remains as long as capitalist economy prevails. The veto power hld by US also need to be balanced at least by providing other larger economies including developing economies with more role in decision making process. A more rational approach towards representation of poor nations has to be made. The liberalization of the asian economic powers has created rifts even within borrowers regarding the kind of schemes of lending. While developing countries like China, India, Indonesia etc. are provided with schemes with less scrutiny, Sub-Saharan countries receive credit after a long process of office work. The democratization of IMF based on the economic strength of present era will obviously provide great boost in bargaining power of developing countries vis-à  -vis developed countries. But it is not sure whether the process will surely ben efit even the poorest in these developing countries, let alone other poor countries of Latin America and Africa. The constituency system should be replaced by atleast minimum one per one country added with the vote in relation to their contribution to the world economy. Accountability within the organization can be developed only when the term of the Directors are ensured unlike in the case of constituency where rotation system operates. References Nayyar, Deepak (ed.). 2006. Governing Globalization: Issues and Instituions. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Stiglitz, Joseph. 2002. Globalization And Its Discontents. New York: Allen Lane. Ambrose, Soren. 2009. Multilateral Money. Counterpunch. Available online at: http://www.counterpunch.org/ambrose09022009.html Ambrose, Soren. 2007. Confidence Crisis at the IMF. Counterpunch Available online at: http://www.counterpunch.org/ambrose04172007.html Ambrose, Soren. 2007. IMF Reforms: Mere Tinkering or Change We Can Live With? Foreign Policy in Focus. Available online at: http://www.fpif.org/articles/imf_reforms_mere_tinkering_or_change_we_can_live_with Elson, Diane. 1994. People, Development and International Financial Institutions: An Interpretation of the Bretton Woods System. Review of African Political Economy, 21, 62 : 511-524 . Available online at : http://www.jstor.org/stable/4006259 Glenn, John. 2008. Global Governance and the Democratic Deficit: stifling the voice of the South. Third World Quarterly, 29, 2: 217 — 238. Available online at : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436590701806798 Sharma, Shalendra D. 2002. Reforming the IMF: Can it serve as an â€Å"international lender of last resort?†. Global Economic Review, 31, 2: 89 — 104 Available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12265080208422895 Woods, Ngaire. 2001. Making the IMF and the World Bank More Accountable. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-),77, 1: 83-100. Available online at : http://www.jstor.org/stable/2626555 Woods, Ngaire and Lombardi, Domenico. 2006. Uneven patterns of governance: how developing countries are represented in the IMF. Review of International Political Economy, 13, 3: 480 — 515. Available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290600769351

Caregivers Behavior Contributes to Offspring Behavior Essay example --

Caregivers' Behavior Contributes to Offspring Behavior The field of violence prediction research has advanced to the point where predictions about serious criminal violence by men who have already committed one violent offense can be made with a considerable degree of accuracy (Rice, 414). This group, although a small proportion of the population, is a group whose violence is the focus of much societal concern. Research on the nature of psychotherapy is yielding new insights into a group of offenders who are highly prone to violence. There is every reason to believe that applying the results of violence research to make policy changes in the criminal justice system would make society safer. Research conducted on treatment of psychopaths suggests that there may be little "wrong" with psychopaths for therapy to "fix". However, their research does suggest that certain treatments, such as the therapeutic community, may actually increase psychopath's future violence. This idea is supported by other research stating that programs that help increase self-esteem can increase aggression (Baumeister et al., 1996). Their theory about psychotherapy is that it is an adaption rather than a disorder. Violence by psychopaths might be reduced through careful monitoring and supervision therefore increasing the likelihood of detection. The researcher's theory begins to take a close look into a psychopath's childhood. The theorists determine that by means of close monitoring of the subject's aggressive and antisocial behavior by caretakers early in life it might shape the later behavior of persons with a genetic disposition to psychotherapy (Rice, 1997). The research demonstrated the importance of evaluating any interventions that are d... ...co; American Psychology Association, Incorporated. vol. 64 pgs. 5-7. February 1996. Lewis, M., Feiring, C., McGuffog, C., and Jaskir, J. (1984). Predicting psychopathology in six-year-olds from early social relations. Child Development, 55, 123-136. Main, M. (1991). Metacognitive knowledge, Metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) versus multiple (incoherent) models of attachment. Findings and directions for future research. In C.M. Parker, J. Stevenson-Hinde, and P. Marris (Eds.) Attachment Across the Life Cycle. pgs. 127159 London: Routledge-Kigan Paul. Rice, Marine. American Psychologists. vol. 52. pgs. 414-423. April 1997. Rosenstein, Diana S., Horowitz, Harvey A. Adolescent Attachment and Psychopathology. Journal of Consulting and_ Clinical Psychology. co; American Psychology Association, Incorporated. vol. 64 pgs. 244-253. April 1996.

Organizational Goals Essay

Organizational goals are crucial to success in the workplace. This paper entails how to incorporate organization and goals into the workplace and the benefits it secures. The first step to running a successful company is to ensure proper organizational planning has taken place. Proper planning is an obvious route that allows a manager to prepare for and foresee any future issues. Setting goals and markers ensure that all departments are working within expected time restraints and budgeting time effectively. Planning enables a manager to predict how much time and energy needs to be spent on specific tasks and prioritize as well as anticipate upcoming hiccups and take preventative measures. Managers can often reflect back on previous blunders to learn from prior mistakes, and take actions to prevent them from happening again. Planning is often the manager’s responsibility, but the entire department is accountable for their productivity and therefore need to be honest and realistic when considering strategies and creating a game plan. â€Å"Planning and controlling are inseparable parts of the management system. Standards are set in planning, and the controlling system uses those standards to identify and correct problems.† Reilly, M., Minnick, C., & Baack, D. (2011). A manager should call a weekly meeting to review the past set goals and redistribute work when necessary. At these meetings a manager will assess how much time has been assigned to tasks and assist the team in any errors or mishaps that may come along. The manager is then able to realistically see how much time is being allotted to individual assignments and revise as necessary. The team can use this time to see the big picture and express any concerns or issues they have with the work thus far. The team should maximize the time spent in this meeting to ensure their responsibilities are well understood and any lapses in communication is put to rest. Once a team is in understanding of the assignments they are aware of what is expected of them and can divide the workload amongst the team and work at maximum efficiency. Setting realistic expectations and goals are crucial to providing an operational plan. Goals clarify performance expectations, establish a frame of reference for feedback, and provide a basis for self-management (Reilly, Minnick, Baack, 2011).Both parties need to be aware of their expectations in order to operate with little oversight and micromanaging. With a solid plan in place, a manager is able to expect a smooth road to completion and the team is able to work independently to complete their tasks reducing the amount of time wasted in communication breakdowns, fusses over workloads, and incompetence. Once a plan is in place, the second most important step is the art of organizing. Without a solid foundation of organization even the best planning can be worthless. Organization is an essential tool contributing to the success in business. Knowing your team and their abilities is the first step. Directing a team is the manager’s responsibility and in order to direct a team effectively, one must understand their team’s strengths and weaknesses. A manager must be able to rely on their workers and have full confidence in their abilities. One mistake often seen in the workplace is lack of organization. Knowing where and how the information you rely on as well as the materials you need will save you time, energy and stress. A vital role in organizing is ensuring your staff is well assigned to their duties and responsibilities therefore eliminating time wasted. Materials need to be made available to employees to implement their plans and provide a well-organized flow of work. Employee organization is fundamental when assigning tasks and projects. In most professions it needs to be clear on who is running what project and where they are able to seek help as well as distribute work they are unable to handle. Working within deadlines means that everything needs to run smoothly because time is not often a luxury. Often plans can go awry; and when that happens the most productive employees are the ones who know how to â€Å"put a fi re out† as well as who to seek in case of a problem; in other words, a well-organized employee. â€Å"Planning and controlling are inseparable parts of the management system. Standards are set in planning, and the controlling system uses those standards to identify and correct problems.† Reilly, M., Minnick, C., & Baack, D. (2011). Setting realistic company standards and ensuring your meeting those standards with regular meetings and oversight are great ways to ensure your planning for success. Overseeing goals and employee performance regularly can lead to new and more efficient planning processes. Giving extra attention to what processes have worked in the past and adjusting workloads accordingly are great ways to ensure that a company is planning and organizing for the future. This type of planning and organizing helps keep the company up to maximum potential. Rewarding quality work and adjusting where improvements can be made help keep the company on track and moving towards positive goals and benchmarks. When considering all the planning and organizing we need to remember that the absolute failsafe is hiring and staffing capable and competent employees. The first step to strategic staffing is identifying needs. Assess what positions are crucial to the company’s overall functions. (Carabelli, 2011) Hiring and employing a staff that’s capable and proficient directly reflects your department’s abilities and reliability. Staff planning for your department is maintaining, balancing, and preparation for a company’s human assets. Companies need to be able to retain workers that prove valuable and balance the overall skill and talent so that there are no shortages or surpluses. Shortages and surpluses of work talent can create unhappy workers or lower motivation while maintaining worker production in the case of a surplus. Preparation is perhaps the most important aspect as far as helping achieve organizations strategic objectives. Let’s compare a company t o a baseball team. In order to be successful, you need a team made up of a balance of different talents. You can’t have all pitchers, because you’re team most likely won’t bat well. If you have too many outfielders, some will have to sit the bench or play in the infield where they make more errors. A speedy player with great bunting skill is a huge weapon in key situations, but if you had a whole lineup of bunter’s teams would guard against it and make you play to your weaknesses because there is no balance. With the right balance of talent in each area of the team, offense, defense, pitching, etc., a team will be most effective. That’s why teams have to strategize what players to bring in or sign, they need to plan how to have a balance of good talent and put in them in the best position to make the most successful team. Companies are very similar; they analyze talent and try to create the best balance and mix of it under a budget to succeed. Organizing a team is a c rucial part of planning for success. A few loose cannons or lazy workers can create a world of chaos in an already stressful work environment and therefore careful selection as well as assessing work relationships among employees is vital. Employees’ who work well together will communicate more effectively, be more willing to work as a team and help each other out, as well as distribute work evenly and fair. Positive interoffice relations are important because the work flow is such a delicate process and a simple breakdown in communication can be fatal to a time sensitive project. People need to be able to rely on one another and be able to work with, as well as over and under their team. Recruiting quality staff isn’t easy, and although someone may be qualified, they need to be manageable. Someone with an oversized ego may be overqualified but difficult to work with. Another common issue in my workplace is someone feeling overworked and underappreciated. Employees should feel as if they are each pulling t heir weight and working together for the final project. If an employee feels abused or neglected they often perform under par and can therefore cause a weak link within your department. Rewarding quality work and adjusting where improvements can be made help keep the company on track and moving towards positive goals and benchmarks. Company moral is important when considering a happy employee is a fruitful employee. Ensuring employees feel validated and appreciated isn’t easy, but a manager who oversees their staff regularly and meets often is more aware of the employee’s issues and can help to resolve them before becoming a problem. A manager who often addresses any employee concerns when conducting weekly goals and actualization of projects can help prevent putting additional stress or strain on the team by correcting the issues before they become a major issue. Employee retention is an essential goal for a company and in order to achieve that goal one must consider the reasons employees succeed. Erg is a theory constructed of needs. The abbreviation E stands for existence needs. Existence needs are physical and material welfare needs. These existenc e needs are met with basic life motivators such as food, clothing and shelter. Often these are easily met but must be considered when regarding motivators. The abbreviation R stands for: Relatedness needs. The relatedness needs are â€Å"wants for satisfying interpersonal relationships.† (Schermerhorn, 2012) Ensuring an employee has their relatedness met is important because a healthy work/life balance is a great way to ensure a happy and content employee. The abbreviation G stands for: â€Å"Growth needs are desires for continued personal growth and development.†(Schermerhorn, 2012) This is the true motivator in manager’s eyes. Giving the opportunity for advancement in the workplace is a great way to motivate employees as well as better train and develop yours staff. There are no losers in this approach and therefore a top leader choice. Most employees succeed when they are well trained and developed for their roles. An employee who has confidence and the ability to do their job well; will often find satisfaction within their job and take pride in their work. When developing an employee; management can play a major role in aiding the employee to better educate and further train themselves therefore becoming more of a company asset. â€Å"Boosting motivation within an organization is a great way to keep things moving in a positive, efficient, and effective manner.† (Yousesef, 2012) Employees who are well educated and feel as if their company is willing to support them in furthering their education will often stay with a company rather than outgrow their position. Someone who was hired in an administrative position might educate themselves further to create more opportunity within their workplace and adding skills to their resume. Ensuring the staff is well maintained, trained, and motivated is a great way to realize your goals to the best of your abilities. Employees need to be well trained and efficient as well as willing to be developed to the best of the companies abilities. Developing employees is a great way to boost company moral because it shows the managers are aware of the hard work put forth by an employee and reward that with additional resources, attention, and opportunity. Continual training is a great way to see that your staff is operating at maximum potential. Knowledge is power and a more knowledgeable staff is a more powerful staff. On the job training can be used in downtime to further develop evolving employees and help them reach their full capabilities. When evaluating to see if education and training is effective testing and feedback are great ways to assess if the investment has held value. If an employee enriches themselves through training and therefore bring more to the table for the company, the company made a good investment. If the employee was incapable of learning from the training the company may want to reconsider investing any more time and money into training someone not able to make the most from the opportunity. Employees who value the opportunity and see it as a wager in their favor will take the opportunity seriously and put forth a solid effort to make the most from it. People who appreciate and value their jobs and wish to create a future within the company will put forth the effort, dedication, and commitment to further development. By creating a team that is fully capable, educated, motivated, and happy; you are planning for success. Retaining high aspirations and goals are great for workplace organization and planning, but within moderation. Creating a plan and sticking to it is easier said than done. Adjusting your plan as needed when hiccups do arise is key. Often; when plans fail people lose patience and faith. Planning can be frustrating, but understanding how the plan failed is important when considering how to plan for the future. REFERENCE: Schermerhorn, J., Osborn, R., Uhl-Bien, M., & Hunt, J. (2012). Organizational behavior. (12th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN: 9780470878200 Reilly, M., Minnick, C., Baack, D. (2011). The Five Functions of Effective Management. San Diego: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Carl Carabelli, Demand Media. â€Å" What Are Some Overall Strategic Staffing Functions?† Houston Chronicle. (2012) Hearst Communications Youssef, C. (2012). Human resource management. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education.

Special Effects On Action Movie Making essays

Special Effects On Action Movie Making essays Cinematography began in the early 1800s with a simple Phenakistoscope and has evolved into its present day state of computerized generation (DeAngelis, 11). Since the 1500s, people have been trying to transform light into fixed images (8). In the early 1800s, there was a problem that innovators had about recording a wet emulsion onto a piece of glass, until Joseph Nicphore Niepce in 1826 took the first known photograph in history(8). What we know as pictures became motion in 1832, when Joseph Antoine invented a Phenakistoscope (11). It consisted of a cardboard disk, mounted on a spindle (11). On the disk was a series of sixteen drawings, each depicting a different phase of an object in motion (11). The disk also had sixteen slots around its edge. When a viewer held the device before a mirror, spun the disk, and looked through the slots, persistence of vision caused the drawings reflected in the mirror to look as if they were moving (11). A similar device that became apart of home entertainment was the Zoetrope, invented in 1834 by William George Horner (11). This was a cylinder with vertical slots which were lined up on the ins ide with a sequence of drawings on a long strip of paper (11). When the viewer spun the cylinder and looked through the slots, the pictures seemed to move (11). The Zoetrope had several advantages over the Phenakistoscope. It could be viewed by several people at one time, the cylinder rotated longer and more evenly than the disk did, and the paper strips were easier and cheaper to produce (11). The first demonstration of motion pictures took place in Paris on December 28, 1895 before a closed caption audience of about thirty-five people (39). Over the next century, motion pictures became apart of modern society. By June of 1896, there were cinemas as they became known in Berlin, Brussels, London, and New York, as well as in Paris and Lyon (41). In the following weeks, th...

Cointelpro essays

Cointelpro essays The United Sates Federal Bureau of Investigation put together a counterintelligence program or Cointelpro to investigate and disrupt political dissent within the United States. Cointelpro operations targeted organizations that were thought to have politically radical movements. It started in 1956 and went on until 1971. During the Cold War, the communist and socialist party were targeted by FBI counterintelligence, whose purpose was not only to investigate, but take actions to neutralize any political dissent. As the years went by, the FBIs focus shifted to emerging anti-war and civil rights groups. These groups were thought of as communist front organizations. The largest cointelpro campaigns targeted the Social Workers Party, the New Left (which included many anti-war groups such as Students for a Democratic Society and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), and Black nationalists groups such as the Black Panther Party and the Nation of Islam. Other groups targeted were the American Indian Movement, Feminists, and gay and lesbian groups. The methods that were used in cointelpro were: infiltration, psychological warfare, harassment through the legal system, and illegal force and violence. The FBI would try to infiltrate organizations by becoming members so they could find out information from the inside. They would use psychological warfare by spreading misinformation and making anonymous letters and phone calls. One of the FBIs most harmful tactics in cointelpro was harassment through the legal system. They presented false evidence and gave perjured testimony against some activists, while they falsely arrested and imprisoned others. The FBI would also use illegal force and violence to intimidate political dissidents. An example of a cointelpro tactic is the Black Panther Party coloring book that was created by the FBI and sent to sponsors of the organ ...

International Business Strategies in Action Assignment - 1

International Business Strategies in Action - Assignment Example Ghemawat discusses three main strategies that can be implemented by the organizations during their foreign operations and also in response to globalization. The three strategies are categorized as adaptation, aggregation, and arbitrage. The article in a way aims to differentiate how business strategies are formulated based on the origin and nature of a business or an organization, and importantly based on their operations, particularly international operations. The basic premise of this article is how the organizations have to focus on the different business factors that needed to be considered in the foreign country of choice, and how strategies continuously needs development over the years as the business or organization grows in the country of choice. It also gives us a view of how these strategic factors change over the years and its significance in putting an international business strategy in action. An international business strategy is formulated based on different factors yo u can gather in the target market. This is also one big reason why a strategy formulated for a particular country or market would most probably fail in other countries. Summary Author Ghemawat focuses on the international strategies through the three A’s strategy categories of adaptation, aggregation, and arbitrage. ... In that direction, the entering firms will set up local units, as the unit and its employees will maximally know about the local market and can function accordingly and effectively. These country specific strategies could work in certain countries and for organizations in certain sector. â€Å"According to the article, companies that utilize an adaptation strategy most likely have a country-centered organizational model.† (mendeley.com). Aggregation strategy provides the organization the option of running their regional operations as part of their global operations itself. â€Å"Aggregation attempt to deliver economies of scale by creating regional, or sometimes global, operations, it involves standardizing the product or service offering and grouping together the development and production process.† (Ghemawat 2007, p.60). Thus, according to the author, this strategy can be applicable in this current globalized world, as many organizations are operating across borders. â€Å"Operations that are designed to function across borders are more likely to be employed if aggregation is the strategy.† (mendeley.com). The strategy of Arbitrage can also be practiced by MNC, if they have a widespread reach and network. That is, organizations following this strategy can set up operations in different parts of a country or even in different countries, where there is apt resources including human resources. â€Å"Arbitrage is the exploitation of the differences between national or regional markets, often by locating different parts of the supply chain in different places.† Examples include call centers in India, factories in China, and retail shops in Western Europe. (Ghemawat 2007, p.60). All these three

Working out Alternatives Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Working out Alternatives - Case Study Example In retrospect, FAR one of the players of Adventure racing faces the challenges of inadequate revenue and from the influence of competitors. The company’s management predicts the company will continue making losses (Holland and Jackie 248). This influence has an impact of the return on investment value of the organization (R.O.I) In analyzing the external environment of FAR various aspects influence organizational performance. First FAR sponsors act as the first influence to the organizational revenue collection. Sponsors have been important in adding value to the organization due to their financial contribution to Racing events. On the other hand, local governments as well as national governments have an implication on firm’s operation (Hoang and Frank 739). It also comes into perspective that environmentalist have an influence on the organization. Environmentalists have an influence on the choice of the routes for the races. Their sentiments ensure that racing events does not influence the environment negatively (Vahlne and Neil 24). On the hand, customers have an important role to play on the success of the firm. Customers purchase tickets to racing events adding value to the revenue of FAR. An analysis on the revenue of FAR, reveals that the organization provides tickets affordable to every individual. The company’s president Zietsma maintains a low-ticket cost of $1,400 and $4,200 per team. The first price represents a 36-hour race while the next price concentrates on extreme race events. In comparison to other events within the region, FAR rate ranks low. British Colombia races and other races rate at $2000 for the 36-hour race and $5000 to $9000 for extreme races. Other races have higher costs due to increased costs translating from hiring of vehicles, staff and in renting equipments. Other related expenses that make the firm unique to competitors are that it does not incur

Development and use of explosives over the past century Essay

Development and use of explosives over the past century - Essay Example The first record of the usage of it exists dates back to around early 1600s in China (Tanner, 2014). During this time, the black powder was usually used in Hungary for blasting purposes. Mostly the quarries used the black powder for mining purpose blasting. The next mention of the uses of black powder is found in the context of tin mine blasting in the countries such as England after which the black powder was adopted by the Switzerland for road construction (Kelly, 2004, pp.198). The first documented form of mention of the use of black powder was in the year 1605 when Guy Fawkes put barrels of explosives in the British Parliament to blow up the building and assassinate the then king of England, King James I. This incident was named the â€Å"Gunpowder Plot†. It was one of the earliest conspiracies to involve the use of explosives and the black powder. This conspiracy of assassinating the King was not successful as the person plotting it was apprehended beforehand and caught. Another mention of the black gunpowder is prominent in the history is during the year 1773 when the people who went on with the demolition gathered 150 pounds of black gunpowder to demolish the Holy Trinity Cathedral which was 700 years old and one of the most oldest church in Waterford, Ireland. Later a report was published in the then famous newspaper named The Irish Times that the entire church was reduced to rubble within minutes and this incident was accompanied with a deafen ing loud boom that shook the entire area. This incident is important in the history of explosives as it marks as the first successful attempt in which the explosives blew down an entire structure and caused mass collateral damage. America adopted the use of explosives for the demolition purposes almost as early as 1850s. It was during this time that San Francisco was torn by a continuous series of many great fires. The use of the explosives in this case was because the city council members wanted to

Preludes by T.S Elliot and Vitae Lampada by Sir Henry Newton Essay Example for Free

Preludes by T.S Elliot and Vitae Lampada by Sir Henry Newton Essay Reading both poems for the first time, there seemed to be no distinct or even vague similarities between the two poems, Preludes, by T.S Elliot and Vitae Lampada by Sir Henry Newton. However, after reading each thoroughly a few more times and carefully evaluating them, several key similarities and as always, differences, began to reveal themselves. Both Preludes as well as Vitae Lampada begines with a time introductory statement. Theres a breathless hush in the close tonight. From Vitae Lampada, and The winter evening settles down from Preludes. Both these sentences inform us of the time, a sort of evening, just after dark. The very next sentences from each poem are also similar. Ten to make and a match to win and With smells of steaks in passageways. These sentences are written by the poets to set a scene, as one would set a scene in a drama play, but in poetry, with words. These two sentences give us a strong visual image of what the rest of the poem is about. Ten to make and a match to win is similar to that of a game of cricket, and as in cricket, it gives a certain tension of the stakes, to win the match. Preludes With smells of steaks in passageways gives us a vision of a lonely passageway, with smells of steaks suggests that the person the author is describing could possibly be an outcast of society, wondering around the streets in evening. Vitae Lampada goes further into describing itself. And Its not for the sake of a ribboned coat, or the selfish hope of a seasons fame. -immediately tells us that what they are encountering in their match, what they need to win, is not a one man team, but rather the whole team working as one. Not for personal glory but for much higher stakes, for the entire team. Preludes now introduces a picture of a low, dirty place. The grimy scraps, of withered leaves about your feet. A grimy place, a dirty place, somewhere that is not well maintained, with stray withered leaves across the floor. The next few lines The showers beat on broken blinds and chimney pots. Once again an image of a badly maintained place, with rain beating on broken pots that are left behind. On the whole, a negative image. Vitae Lampada, is also setting in a negative image, an image of lost hope and despair. The sand of the desert is sodden red -Red with the wreck of a square that broke; A square, in this case is referring to a formation of troops. Sir Henry Newbolt is comparing the aspect of war, with a game of cricket and this extended metaphor has worked exceedingly well in managing to contrast and yet bring the two closer together. Sodden red suggests that a great many soldiers have died and their blood spilled across the battlefield. The next two lines, add deeper to the feeling of despair. The gatlings jammed and the colonel dead, And the regiment blind with dust and smoke The soldiers that Sir Henry Newbolt is referring to here is not in a bright situation, with their guns jammed, and their leader (colonel) dead, and the entire regiment of them blind in the dust and smoke, it is indeed apparent that a deep feeling of desolation is introduced. And, as in Preludes, a negative image is painted. Revolving around time appears to be the main theme in Preludes. The start of the second stanza the morning comes to consciousness, lets us know that the morning has come, after the evening in the first stanza. And time is also in the fourth stanza the conscience of a blackened street. could possibly mean after dark. And a few lines before, four and five and six oclock suggests that time is moving quickly. The final stanza of Vitae Lampada uses a few strong words possibly to reinforce its meaning. Every one of her sons must hear, and none that hears it dare forget. Her sons, this of course, means the countrys people and the strong word must hear, hear the patriotism perhaps? And dare forget. dare is a strong word, a threat even. Threatening them to remember their loyalty, and to never forget it. Vitae Lampadas last few lines, bring a sudden contrast, compared to the rest of the poem. The second stanza is an image of despair, but here, the final touch to the sense of patriotism is added. Bear through life like a torch in flame, and falling fling to the host behind. This sentence carries a great deal of meaning to the main theme of the poem. Bear through life like a torch in flame suggests that these troops, instead of hopelessness, now carry a symbol, a beacon of light. The torch, could be as a baton is passed on in a game of relay. As falling fling to the host behind. When a soldier falls in battle, his effort is not lost, not wasted, but instead, passed on to those behind, as they march forward, with the flaming torch. These two poems have indeed, very different ideas and themes, but they both have several things in common. For a start, both Preludes and Vitae Lampada use time description to allow the reader a window in which to see the rest of the poem. Both are describing, metaphorically, aspects of life. And they both, to an extent, use negative images to describe, to paint their visual images to the reader.

The Philippine Is Rich In Natural Resources

The Philippine Is Rich In Natural Resources Current environmental laws consist of P.D No.984 entitled pollution control law that declaring policy to prevent, abate and control pollution of water, air and land for the more effective utilization of the resources of this country. The government was the one in charge to determine the location, magnitude, extent, severity, causes, effects and other pertinent information regarding pollution of the water, air and land resources of the country, and to issue orders or decisions to compel compliance with the provisions of the decree. The commission was the one who give issue, renew, or deny permits, under such conditions as it may determine to be reasonable, for the prevention and abatement of pollution, for the discharge of sewage, industrial waste, or for the installation or operation of sewage works and industrial disposal system. The commission, by rules and regulations, may require subdivisions, condominium, hospitals, public buildings and other similar human settlements to put up appropriate central sewage system and sewage treatment works, except that no permits shall be required of any new sewage works or changes to or extensions of existing works that discharge only domestic or sanitary wastes from a single residential building provided with septic tanks or their equivalent. The Commission may impose reasonable fees and charges for the issuance or renewal of all permits herein required For Presidential Decree 984 otherwise known as the Pollution Control Decree of 1978 is a national policy aimed to prevent, abate and control pollution of water, air and land for the more effective utilization of the resources of this country. In this Decree of 1978, the commission may conduct scientific experiments, investigations and research to discover economical and practical methods of preventing water, air and land pollution. Also, the commission may cooperate with any public or private agency in the conduct of such experiments, investigations and research for given any international, national or other public or private agency for water, air and land pollution control activities, surveys or program. The commission may secure such services as it, necessary from other agencies of the National Government, and they make arrangements for the compensation of such service. The commission may also employ and compensate, within appropriations available therefore, such consultants, exper ts, and advisers, or assistants on a full or part time basis, coming from the government or private entities ,to carry out the provisions of this decree and may prescribe their powers, duties and responsibilities. Under the P.D 1152 this is the policy for the various aspects of environmental management such as air and water quality management, natural source development, land and waste management. It provides a program to environmental protection and management, with reference to policies and standards of noise, air quality, water quality, classification of water and waste management. the P.D 1152 this is the policy for the various aspects of environmental management such as air and water quality management, natural source development, land and waste management. And for the R.A 1990 also known as the Toxic Substance and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 regulating the important, use, movement, treatment and disposal of toxic chemicals and Hazardous and nuclear waste in the Philippines. Under P.D 856 Sanitation code for the solid waste management in his area of production can be places the responsibility in the local government units. Hotel and Tourism Management is affected by the current environmental laws in the Philippines, in previous effective wastewater treatment can prevent serious illness among guests and staff members, and limit the number of serious complaints from guests who become infected after drinking or swimming in polluted waters. It will also reduce the chance of cancellations from potential guests. Now, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Minimize wastewater discharge by reducing water use. Use biodegradable detergents and cleaning agents that are compatible with the wastewater treatment technology. Recycle paper products from the office for wrapping other items. Reuse treated graywater for washing floors, flushing toilets and irrigating gardens and golf courses. Separate waste at the source, rather than having to go through all the trash after it is collected. For example, provide containers for recyclables in guest rooms and compost bins in kitchen work areas. Because of the Environmental laws that government provide, Hotel and Tourism Management can provide also the best service to the hospitality industry which they are not allowed to built a business without permitted of the government. Under the decree of 1978 they have the commissions to cooperate with any public or private agency in the conduct of such experiments, investigations and research for given any international, national or other public or private agency for water, air and land pollution control activities, surveys or program. This is for the safety of the guest or tourist which is for the benefit of others. Hotel and Tourism Management can help improve the current environmental situation in the Philippines Environmental responsibility makes ecological sense, because keeping the environment pristine means that tourists will come to appreciate and enjoy the natural beauty of the location of your business. Increasingly, environmental responsibility also makes financial sense. Gone are the days when going green necessarily meant making large investments in expensive technology. Simple waste segregation, for example, can drastically reduce an island resorts expenses in transporting garbage off the island. Encouraging guests to follow simple steps, such as turning off lights and recycling water, could mean saving thousands on a resorts water bill. . Encourage staff to become involved in volunteer projects such as beach clean-ups and awareness campaigns. Educate guests as to how they can make a positive contribution to local biodiversity conservation efforts. Every business aims for long-term feasibility, and tourism based enterprises are no exception. A prime tourist attraction is a place that is full of life and abundance, a place where visitors can relax and feel that all is right with the world-a place they would pay hard-earned money to see and experience. Whether it means keeping the surroundings clean, making sure there is abundant water and electricity to use, or assuring guests of a nature experience they will not forget, maintaining a tourist destination means sustaining the life around it, and carrying out responsible operations that will make such sustenance possible. It takes only a few simple steps, the involvement and commitment of the people concerned, and a few adjustments in existing working and management systems to make environmental awareness a habit. Its a habit that is good for the soul, good for the community, good for Mother Nature-and happily, also good for business. Hotel and Tourism Management can improve the current situation of the environme nt in the Philippines by guiding the guest or tourist to become more efficient. Hotel and Tourism Management can help through orient the guest or tourist for them to know or understand the preservation of environment. To educate others, encouraging that environment is important. The conservation can enhance a places reputation among guests, other individuals and groups concerned about the environment. Supporting conservation efforts can generate positive publicity and improve relationships with local people and organizations. Hotel and Tourism Management can help improve the current situation in the Philippines by promoting the environment to become more clean and green, preserves the generation as the inspiration of mother nature. Hotel and Tourism Management can help the environment situation as a role model to our industry, to promote to others the need of our environment and for our everyday life.